PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

The paper addresses the epidemiologic data of the death of pigs during the period of 2002 to 2009 following the ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin type C. This neurotoxin was present in food residues originating from restaurant and hotel kitchens, stored in barrels without shelter from the sun and administered in a collective trough without prior thermal treatment. Animals which died at different ages showed clinical signs of botulism characterized by flaccid paralysis, weight loss, anorexia, weakness, lack of coordination, locomotion difficulties with the evolution of lateral recumbency with involuntary urination and defecation. No alterations were observed at postmortem and histological examination. The bioassay with serum neutralization in mice was carried out on samples of intestinal contents from pigs affected and revealed the presence of large quantities of botulinum toxin type C.

• Botulism Clostridium botulinum botulinum toxin type C food waste swine

Abstract in Portuguese:

Descreve-se a epidemiologia da morte de suínos ocorrida entre 2002 e 2009 pela ingestão da neurotoxina botulínica do tipo C. A neurotoxina presente em resíduos de alimentos provenientes de cozinhas de restaurantes e hotéis, armazenados em tonéis sem abrigo do sol e administrado em cocho coletivo sem tratamento térmico prévio. Animais de diferentes idades morreram com sinais clínicos de botulismo caracterizados por paralisia flácida, emagrecimento, anorexia, fraqueza, incoordenação, dificuldade de locomoção com evolução para decúbito lateral com micção e defecação involuntárias. Nenhuma alteração evidente foi observada na necropsia e no exame histológico. O teste de bioensaio com soroneutralização em camundongos foi realizado com amostras de conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados e alimentos e revelou a presença de grandes quantidades de toxina botulínica do tipo C.

• Botulismo Clostridium botulinum toxina botulínica tipo C restos de alimento suínos

Abstract in English:

Corrêa A.M.R., Pescador C.A., Schmitz M., Zlotowski P., Rozza D.B., Oliveira E.C., Barcellos D.E. & Driemeier D. 2006. [Clinical and pathological aspects of swine circovirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos associados à circovirose suína no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):9-13. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br A total of 97 pigs, which had presented wasting, lymphadenomegaly, respiratory distress and pale or icteric mucosa, was necropsied over a 6-month period. Macroscopic lesions were characterized mostly by enlarged lymph nodes, non collapsed and round edged lungs with cranio-ventral areas of consolidation and interlobular edema. Kidneys had increased size, were pale, and presented numerous scattered white spots projecting from surface to the cortical area. Some kidneys also showed small red spots similar to petechial hemorrhage over the cortex. Main microscopic lesions were lympho-histiocytic infiltration in lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical probing with polyclonal antisera to type II swine circovirus stained positively in 50 out of the 56 cases tested (89.2%).

• Circovirus PMWS PCV2 immunohistochemistry swine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Corrêa A.M.R., Pescador C.A., Schmitz M., Zlotowski P., Rozza D.B., Oliveira E.C., Barcellos D.E. & Driemeier D. 2006. [Clinical and pathological aspects of swine circovirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos associados à circovirose suína no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):9-13. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br A total of 97 pigs, which had presented wasting, lymphadenomegaly, respiratory distress and pale or icteric mucosa, was necropsied over a 6-month period. Macroscopic lesions were characterized mostly by enlarged lymph nodes, non collapsed and round edged lungs with cranio-ventral areas of consolidation and interlobular edema. Kidneys had increased size, were pale, and presented numerous scattered white spots projecting from surface to the cortical area. Some kidneys also showed small red spots similar to petechial hemorrhage over the cortex. Main microscopic lesions were lympho-histiocytic infiltration in lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical probing with polyclonal antisera to type II swine circovirus stained positively in 50 out of the 56 cases tested (89.2%).

Abstract in English:

Traverso S.D., Correa A.M.R., Schmitz M., Colodel E.M. & Driemeier D. 2004 [Experimental poisoning by Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação experi-mental por Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):211-216. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veteriná-ria, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@vortex.ufrgs.br Leaves of Trema micrantha were orally given to 13 cattle. Ten animals received green leaves in a single dose, two animals received green leaves in fractionated doses, and one received the dried leaves in a single dose. Eight animals showed clinical signs and six of them died. Clinical signs were observed 16 hours after administration and included apathy, anorexia, drooling, progressive weakness, coma and death. Neurological signs as pressing the head against obstacles and head shaking were observed in four animals . Death occurred between 67 and 153 hours after the end of plant ingestion. The main gross lesions were observed in the liver, and included friable consistency, pronounced lobular pattern and areas of haemorrhages. The liver of one bovine was homogeneously dark reddened. Petechial hemorrhages in serosal membranes and edema in the gall bladder were frequently seen. Pale kidneys with red spots in the cortex were observed in one animal. Microscopically, the most striking lesion in the liver was massive coagulative necrosis, associated with centrolobular haemorrhages, observed in four animals. In the liver of one bovine centrolobular necrosis was observed . Tubular renal necrosis was noted in two animals. Additional microscopic lesions were found in the central nervous system of five bovines, especially in the frontal cortex, and included perineuronal and perivascular edema with basophilia and retraction of the neurons. T T. micrantha caused clinical signs with 50g/kg and death with doses of 54g/kg or higher. The fractionated administration of the green leaves as well as the dried leaves did not cause poisoning.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Trema micrantha Ulmaceae cattle liver necrosis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Traverso S.D., Correa A.M.R., Schmitz M., Colodel E.M. & Driemeier D. 2004 [Experimental poisoning by Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação experi-mental por Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):211-216. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veteriná-ria, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@vortex.ufrgs.br Leaves of Trema micrantha were orally given to 13 cattle. Ten animals received green leaves in a single dose, two animals received green leaves in fractionated doses, and one received the dried leaves in a single dose. Eight animals showed clinical signs and six of them died. Clinical signs were observed 16 hours after administration and included apathy, anorexia, drooling, progressive weakness, coma and death. Neurological signs as pressing the head against obstacles and head shaking were observed in four animals . Death occurred between 67 and 153 hours after the end of plant ingestion. The main gross lesions were observed in the liver, and included friable consistency, pronounced lobular pattern and areas of haemorrhages. The liver of one bovine was homogeneously dark reddened. Petechial hemorrhages in serosal membranes and edema in the gall bladder were frequently seen. Pale kidneys with red spots in the cortex were observed in one animal. Microscopically, the most striking lesion in the liver was massive coagulative necrosis, associated with centrolobular haemorrhages, observed in four animals. In the liver of one bovine centrolobular necrosis was observed . Tubular renal necrosis was noted in two animals. Additional microscopic lesions were found in the central nervous system of five bovines, especially in the frontal cortex, and included perineuronal and perivascular edema with basophilia and retraction of the neurons. T T. micrantha caused clinical signs with 50g/kg and death with doses of 54g/kg or higher. The fractionated administration of the green leaves as well as the dried leaves did not cause poisoning.

Abstract in English:

Colodel E.M., Seitz A.L., Schmitz M., Borba M.R., Raymundo D.L. & Driemeier D. 2004. [Poisoning by Erythroxylum deciduum (Erythroxylaceae) in sheep.] Intoxicação por Erythroxylum deciduum (Erythroxylaceae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):165-168. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E- mail: moleta@terra.com.br. The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of natural poisoning caused by Erythroxylum deciduum fruits in sheep are reported. The outbreak occurred from January to March of 2004, in Lagoa Vermelha county, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The poisoning was experimentally reproduced by oral administration of E. deciduum fruits to 5 sheep.Three of them developed neurological signs and died. Poisoning was caused with a single dose of 60g/kg or when the dosage was fractioned into at least 4 doses of 17 g/kg given every 12 hours. The main clinical signs in natural and experimentally poisoned sheep were ataxia, hyperexcitability and muscular tremors which where more pronounced when the animals were moved. At the final stage, dyspnea with abdominal breathing and cyanosis was observed. The most significant alterations found at necropsy were pronounced edema, lung congestion and presence of the fruits or seeds of E. deciduum in the ruminal content of all animals. Histologically, except edema and pulmonary congestion, there were no other significant changes observed.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning experimental plant poisoning Erythroxylum deciduum Erythroxylaceae sheep.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Colodel E.M., Seitz A.L., Schmitz M., Borba M.R., Raymundo D.L. & Driemeier D. 2004. [Poisoning by Erythroxylum deciduum (Erythroxylaceae) in sheep.] Intoxicação por Erythroxylum deciduum (Erythroxylaceae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):165-168. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E- mail: moleta@terra.com.br. The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of natural poisoning caused by Erythroxylum deciduum fruits in sheep are reported. The outbreak occurred from January to March of 2004, in Lagoa Vermelha county, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The poisoning was experimentally reproduced by oral administration of E. deciduum fruits to 5 sheep.Three of them developed neurological signs and died. Poisoning was caused with a single dose of 60g/kg or when the dosage was fractioned into at least 4 doses of 17 g/kg given every 12 hours. The main clinical signs in natural and experimentally poisoned sheep were ataxia, hyperexcitability and muscular tremors which where more pronounced when the animals were moved. At the final stage, dyspnea with abdominal breathing and cyanosis was observed. The most significant alterations found at necropsy were pronounced edema, lung congestion and presence of the fruits or seeds of E. deciduum in the ruminal content of all animals. Histologically, except edema and pulmonary congestion, there were no other significant changes observed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animais were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lásted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was characterized by acute perivascular proteinaceous edema around arterioles of the nucleus caudatus and thalamus. Large numbers of Gram-positive rods, of ten in clumps and with morphology consistent with Clostridium perfringens, were seen in intestinal smears. The intestinal contents of six goats were positive for epsilon toxin by mouse neutralization test. These findings suggest that enterotoxaemia is an important disease of goat flocks in southern Brazil.

• Goat enterotoxaemia Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin Enterotoxemia caprina toxina épsilon.

Abstract in Portuguese:

SINOPSE.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinosem cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou- se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofilico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquímicamente sugestivos de Clostridium pe,fringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul.